Introduction
VRRP is a protocol that allows for the creation of a virtual router on a network, made up of two or more physical routers working together. The virtual router acts as a single entity, with one of the physical routers designated as the active router and the other(s) serving as standby routers. The active router is responsible for forwarding packets, while the standby routers monitor the active router and take over if it fails. To implement VRRP, the physical routers are configured with a virtual IP address and a virtual MAC address, which are used by the virtual router. The active router sends periodic VRRP advertisements to the other routers on the network, announcing its status as the active router. The standby routers listen for these advertisements and take over as the active router if they stop receiving them. One of the benefits of VRRP is that it allows for the creation of a redundant network, with the virtual router taking over in the event of a failure of one of the physical routers. This helps to ensure high availability and prevent downtime. VRRP is often used in enterprise networks and other mission-critical environments where it is important to maintain continuous network connectivity.
VRRP Version 3
The latest version is VRRPv3, which is defined in RFC 5798. VRRPv3 was designed to address some of the limitations of previous versions of VRRP and to improve the overall functionality of the protocol. Some of the key features of VRRPv3 include:
VRRP States
In a VRRP configuration with multiple routers, one of the routers is designated as the active router (also known as the master router) and the others are configured as backup routers. The active router is responsible for forwarding traffic for the virtual router, while the backup routers monitor the active router and take over if it fails. If the active router becomes unavailable, one of the backup routers is selected to take over as the active router. The selection process is based on the VRRP priority configuration of the routers. The router with the highest priority becomes the active router, and if multiple routers have the same priority, the one with the highest IP address becomes the active router.
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